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EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS

In the area of foreign policy, presidents have had their most complete success at bypassing Constitutional checks by Congress. Executive Agreements have increasingly replaced Treaties (which require the consent of 2/3 of Senators) as the means by which international accords are reached with other countries.

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This trend has continued. The graph below shows the number of treaties approved by the Senate from 1989 to the present. By the most recent sessions of Congress amost no treaties were receiving Senate advice and consent. Faced with a polarized Senate, modern presidents (and especially the Obama Administration) have been able to obtain advice and consent for very few treaties.

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